Combined Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch, Rice Straw, and Lime Reduces Soil Available Cd and Cd Accumulation in Rice Grains

Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a growing threat to rice production in acidic paddies. In south China, common agricultural practice involves the combined utilization of Chinese milk vetch (M) and straw (R). However, it is unclear how addition lime these amendments affects Cd bioavailability accumulation soil. Control (CK), chemical fertilizer (F), + (MRF), (MRFL) treatments were applied develop kind green, efficient, practical amendment for We conducted microplot experiment explore immobilization paddy soil content grains with treatments. The results showed that compared F, MRF MRFL significantly decreased by 51.7% 65.2% early 23.0% 43.3% late rice, respectively. Both reduced available weak acid-extractable cadmium (Aci-Cd) concentrations increased organic matter (SOM), exchangeable cation concentrations, pH, which converted into stable form addition, pH value reducing hydrogen ion concentration (E-H). Additionally, recombination forms was primary factor reduction according partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis. primarily associated Cd, value, SOM. Overall, provide useful data novel insights grain China.